{"id":2315,"date":"2017-07-12T12:00:44","date_gmt":"2017-07-12T10:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/?p=2315\/"},"modified":"2019-10-28T14:02:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-28T13:02:24","slug":"tabaquisme-salut-oral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/tabaquisme-salut-oral\/","title":{"rendered":"Tabaquisme i salut oral"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/fumar.jpg\" alt=\"Fumar pejudica tu salud oral\" width=\"500\" height=\"394\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/fumar.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/fumar-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/fumar-200x158.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/fumar-400x315.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><strong>El consum de tabac \u00e9s un dels h\u00e0bits m\u00e9s perjudicials per a la salut<\/strong>. Est\u00e0 relacionat amb diferents tipus de c\u00e0ncer i patologies cardiopulmonars de diferent \u00edndole, entre altres malalties greus.<\/p>\n<p>El mecanisme d\u2019acci\u00f3 del tabac \u00e9s tant a nivell local, a causa de la irritaci\u00f3 de les mucoses produ\u00efdes pel fum, com a nivell sist\u00e8mic, a causa de l\u2019alteraci\u00f3 de les defenses de l\u2019individu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les lesions que es produeixen s\u00f3n degudes a la seva composici\u00f3 de m\u00e9s de 4.000 toxines<\/strong> entre les que s\u2019inclou la nicotina, el mon\u00f2xid de carboni, nitrosamines, benzens, aldehids i cianur d\u2019hidrogen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aquestes subst\u00e0ncies tamb\u00e9 produeixen alteracions dels teixits de la cavitat oral<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 <strong>Lesions orals precanceroses<\/strong>: Leucopl\u00e0sia, eritropl\u00e0sia o queratosis.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>C\u00e0ncer oral<\/strong>: carcinoma de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules escamoses o carcinoma berrug\u00f3s.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>Malalties periodontals<\/strong>: augment del dip\u00f2sit de placa i c\u00e0lcul, isqu\u00e8mia, recessi\u00f3 gingival o p\u00e8rdua \u00f2ssia alveolar.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>C\u00e0ries radicular<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>Periimplantitis i mucositis<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>Halitosi<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>Alteracions del gust<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u00b7 <strong>Tincions de dents i restauracions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>El tabaquisme influeix en la salut oral de l\u2019individu<\/strong>, afectant negativament el resultat de gaireb\u00e9 tots els procediments terap\u00e8utics realitzats en la cavitat oral.<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, el seu efecte \u00e9s dosi depenent, ja que l\u2019efecte produ\u00eft dep\u00e8n de la quantitat de tabac consumida.<\/p>\n<p><u><strong>ALTERACIONS ORALS PRODU\u00cfDES PEL CONSUM DE TABAC<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n<p>A) <u>MALALTIA PERIODONTAL O PERIODONTITIS<\/u> (anomenada vulgarment &#8220;Piorrea&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p><strong>La malaltia periodontal \u00e9s una patologia de la cavitat oral que cursa amb una inflamaci\u00f3 de les genives normalment causada per acumulaci\u00f3 de placa que va associada a una p\u00e8rdua irreversible de l\u2019os de suport de la dent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A causa de l\u2019efecte del consum de tabac<\/strong> en les defenses de l\u2019individu, <strong>un pacient fumador t\u00e9 molt m\u00e9s risc de patir periodontitis i p\u00e8rdues dentals<\/strong> que uno no fumador. <\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, est\u00e0 demostrat que en els pacients fumadors <strong>es produeix un major acumulaci\u00f3 de carrall o &#8220;tosca&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>La nicotina disminueix el sagnat de les genives a causa del seu efecte d\u2019estrenyiment dels vasos sanguinis, la qual cosa pot emmascarar la patologia i fer creure al pacient que les seves genives estan sanes, encara que no sigui aix\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>B) <u>PERIIMPLANTITIS I P\u00c8RDUA DE L\u2019IMPLANT DENTAL<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>La periimplantitis \u00e9s una inflamaci\u00f3 de la geniva que cursa amb p\u00e8rdua irreversible d\u2019os de suport al voltant de l\u2019implant dental<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Els pacients fumadors i amb mala higiene oral tenen m\u00e9s risc de patir aquesta malaltia<\/strong> per la qual cosa hem de ser conscients que l\u2019implant s\u2019ha de cuidar encara m\u00e9s que la dent.<br \/>\n\u2003<br \/>\nA m\u00e9s, est\u00e0 demostrat que els pacients fumadors tenen m\u00e9s risc de perdre preco\u00e7ment un implant dental ja que el proc\u00e9s d\u2019integraci\u00f3 de l\u2019os a l\u2019implant es pot veure alterat. Aquesta alteraci\u00f3 pot estar relacionada amb la deficient cicatritzaci\u00f3 que produeix el tabac despr\u00e9s de qualsevol cirurgia. <\/p>\n<p>C) <u>C\u00c0NCER ORAL I LESIONS PRECANCEROSES<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>El consum de tabac est\u00e0 relacionat amb el carcinoma de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules escamoses o c\u00e0ncer oral. Els pacients fumadors tenen de 3 a 5 vegades m\u00e9s risc de patir c\u00e0ncer oral<\/strong> que els que no ho s\u00f3n. Aquest risc \u00e9s encara m\u00e9s gran si va associat a un consum abusiu d\u2019alcohol.<\/p>\n<p>Les lesions precanceroses solen ser blanquinoses i poden apar\u00e8ixer en diferents parts de la cavitat oral com poden ser la llengua, els llavis, el s\u00f2l de la boca, la cara interna de la galta, la geniva o el paladar.<\/p>\n<p>Espanya \u00e9s el pa\u00eds d\u2019Europa amb major incid\u00e8ncia d\u2019aquest tipus de c\u00e0ncer pel que \u00e9s realment necessari estar alerta a la <strong>detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7<\/strong> d\u2019aquest tipus de patologies.<\/p>\n<p><u><strong>CONSIDERACIONS FINALS<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>El millor consell que se li pot donar al pacient \u00e9s deixar de fumar<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>Aix\u00ed doncs, el paper d\u2019<strong>un bon odont\u00f2leg<\/strong> \u00e9s de vital import\u00e0ncia per a <strong>tractar de motivar els seus pacients a reduir i\/o abandonar de forma definitiva el consum de tabac<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Pol Abellaneda P\u00e9rez<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Odont\u00f2leg &#8211; col. 7.211<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El consum de tabac \u00e9s un dels h\u00e0bits m\u00e9s perjudicials per a la salut. Est\u00e0 relacionat amb diferents tipus de c\u00e0ncer i patologies cardiopulmonars de diferent \u00edndole, entre altres malalties greus. El mecanisme d\u2019acci\u00f3 del tabac \u00e9s tant a nivell local, a causa de la irritaci\u00f3 de les mucoses produ\u00efdes pel fum, com a nivell [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-sin-categorizar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2315"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2315"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2316,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2315\/revisions\/2316"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fundacionendeu.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}